http://www.merlot.org:80/merlot/ A search of MERLOT materials Copyright 1997-2013 MERLOT. All rights reserved. Fri, 24 May 2013 07:00:56 PDT Fri, 24 May 2013 07:00:56 PDT http://www.merlot.org:80/merlot/images/merlot.gif http://www.merlot.org:80/merlot/ 44 34 http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85499 Atomic Force Microscopy is has become an indispensible tool in nanoscience for the fabrication, metrology, manipulation and property characterization of nanostructures. In this tutorial, we will review the physics of the interaction forces between the nanoscale tip and sample, the dynamics of the oscillating tip, and the basic theory of some of the common modes of AFM operation. We will end with a summary of the some of the exciting new applications of Atomic Force Microscopy. http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85500 This presentation will highlight for nanoelectronic device examples how the effective mass approximation breaks down and why the quantum mechanical nature of the atomically resolved material needs to be included in the device modeling. Atomistic bandstructure effects in resonant tunneling diodes, ultra-scales Si slabs, Si nanowires, and alloyed quantum dots will be demonstrated in intuitive pictures. The presentation concludes with a brief overview of the empirical tight binding method that bridges the gap between material science, physics, and electrical engineering for the quantitative design and analysis of nanoelectronic devices. http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85874 No description given http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85997 Nanotechnology can be defined as using materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly changed properties by gaining control of structures at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels. Although many advanced properties for materials with constituent fiber, grain, or particle sizes less than 100 nm have been observed for traditional science and engineering applications (such as in catalytic, optical, mechanical, magnetic, and electrical applications), few advantages for the use of these materials in tissue-engineering applications have been explored. However, nanophase materials may give researchers control over interactions with biological entities (such as proteins and cells) in ways previously unimaginable with conventional materials. This is because organs of the body are nanostructures and, thus, cells in the body are accustomed to interacting with materials that have nanostructured features. Despite this fact, implants currently being investigated as the next-generation of tissue-engineering scaffolds have micron-structured features. In this light, it is not surprising why the optimal tissue-engineering material has not been found to date.Over the past two years, Purdue has provided significant evidence to the research community that nanophase materials can be designed to control interactions with proteins and subsequently mammalian cells for more efficient tissue regeneration. This has been demonstrated for a wide range of nanophase material chemistries including ceramics, polymers, and more recently metals. Such investigations are leading to the design of a number of more successful tissue-engineering materials for orthopedic/dental, vascular, neural, bladder, and cartilage applications. In all applications, compared to conventional materials, the fundamental design parameter necessary to increase tissue regeneration is a surface with a large degree of biologically-inspired nanostructured roughness. In this manner, results from the present collection of studies have added increased tissue-regeneration as another novel property of nanophase materials. http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=288548 How could you genetically engineer resestant plant againest virus infection http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85992 No description given http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=83948 CMOS it the technology used for modern electronics. CMOS technology continues to advance because the number of transistors on a CMOS chip continues to double each technology generation. Device designers face many challenges as they scale (i.e. shrink) transistors in order to place more on a chip. The designers of billion transistor chips face a different set of challenges. Some are caused by the changing characteristics of devices as they get smaller. Others have to do with the delays cause by the wires used to connect all these transistors. Still others are caused by the large numbers of devices on a chip. This talk is an elementary introduction to CMOS technology. It will begin by explaining what CMOS stands for. It is designed to be accessible to the nonspecialist with an elementary understanding of transistors. My purpose is to explain the basic system considerations that designers deal with and to identify the challenges to maintaining progress in CMOS electronics http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85939 Computational tools are playing a rapidly expanding role in biology, both for engineering design and in exploratory science. The main reason is that the dramatic improvements in the measurement and mathematical modeling of basic biochemical and biological processes is making it possible to synthesize large and analytically intractable models of very complicated phenomenon. Many of these generated models are too complicated to be treated with "black-box" numerical algorithms. Instead, aspects of the biological problems must be exploited, or different formulations investigated, to develop computational procedures that are efficient enough to provide timely feedback to a designer or researcher. In this talk, we describe three cases of the development of computational tools for specific biological applications: electrostatic-based ligand design (drug design), design of micromachined devices for biological applications (biomems), and the analysis of collective behavior in cells based on biochemical network models. In each of these cases we will describe at least as many challenges as solved problems, and then we will conjecture about how to train the next generation of researchers who will continue in this work.This talk will describe work done by Professor White and Shihhsien Kuo, Jay Bardhan, Michael Altman, Bruce Tidor, Carlos Coelho, Bree Aldridge, JungHoon Lee, and Doug Lauffenberger) http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85933 Computer simulation of bio-molecules has become a valuable tool for the pharmaceutical industry, promising not only the potential to predict binding affinities for trial drugs, but also the ability to probe molecular interactions in ways that lab experiments cannot. This seminar will present one of the most significant challenges in computer-aided drug design: How to model the effects of solvent molecules on the binding reaction between a trial drug and the target. Our research focuses on advancing numerical methods for simulating solute-solvent interactions using implicit solvent models, which capture solvent effects in an average sense. I will present the essential details of the techniques we have developed. One theme permeates our work: developing efficient numerical algorithms depends critically on understanding the underlying structure of the mathematical model. For example, one important question in drug design is whether a given drug is optimized for its target. By carefully studying the mathematical formulation of this question, we have been able to design a coupled simulation-optimization technique that dramatically reduces the computational requirements for these type of questions. http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=85980 The study of the basic electron transport mechanism through molecular systems has been made accessible by fabrication techniques that create metallic contacts to a small number of organic molecules. In my talk, I will discuss some of the groundbreaking discoveries such as the measurement of the conductance through a single molecule using a break junction, the demonstration of molecular diodes/transistors, and molecular-scale systems that show reversible switching behavior. Despite these exciting discoveries new theoretical and experimental studies show that molecular devices are extremely sensitive towards the nature and quality of the contacts. Questions such as: (i) what does the contact look like, (ii) is the contact changed by the electronic measurement, (iii) is the contact stable over time and as a function of temperature need to be answered. It has become necessary to spend time and research efforts on the characterization of metal-molecule contacts. In spite of great efforts, we still understand very little about the electron-transfer process through molecular junctions. Often, we cannot even draw the energy band diagram for the molecular junctions prepared and therefore are not able to distinguish between different electron transport mechanisms. In my talk, I will present new I(V,T) and IETS results obtained from a Au-S-C8H16-S-Au junction, which give insight into these questions. I will also discuss a new planar device structure developed at Yale and the utilization of electrochemistry as a quality monitor in molecular electronics.