http://www.merlot.org:80/merlot/ A search of MERLOT materials Copyright 1997-2013 MERLOT. All rights reserved. Wed, 19 Jun 2013 11:48:14 PDT Wed, 19 Jun 2013 11:48:14 PDT http://www.merlot.org:80/merlot/images/merlot.gif http://www.merlot.org:80/merlot/ 44 34 http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=86094 This description of the city and inhabitants of New York and its environs was written by the Anglican chaplain who resided there in the years 16781680, who published it twenty years after his return to England.A large portion concerns the life and manners of the Native inhabitants, obtained both by direct observation and conversation, and by reports from the official government interpreter. The remainder concerns the habits and commerce of the largely Dutch inhabitants of the city. It is an anecdotal description, sprinkled with quotations from English and classical writers, but very homely in its accounts of such diverse incidents as a bear hunt near what is now Maiden Lane, a dinner party for the Calvinist and Lutheran ministers (who had not spoken for six years), breaking up a fist-fight in the street outside his window, the prices of furs and various commodities, the price of land (2 or 3 pence an acre), the death of his pet raccoon, the menu on a trans-Atlantic voyage, the (non-)wearing of shoes by Dutch women, the manner of whaling, the custom of giving New-Years gifts, the Dutch penchant for aurigation (i.e. riding about in Wagons), and the practice of treating rattlesnake bites by sucking out the poison.The first edition was published in London in 1701. A second edition was edited by Dr. E. B. OCallaghan and published by William Gowans in New York in 1860 as the second in his Bibliotheca Americana series. A third edition was edited by Edward Gaylord Bourne and issued by Burrows Brothers in 1902; and this last edition provides the text, notes, and essay included here. http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=86082 This very early (if not the first) account of Native American history and myth, written and published in English by an Indian, is valuable on that score alone. This online electronic edition (in pdf format) was transcribed from digital images of the 1828 edition in the Library of Congress. No attempt has been made to correct or regularize spelling and punctuation or to standardize the language of the original; some typographical errors have been corrected, and these are listed in the notes.The history begins at the Creation, with the twin brothers Enigorio and Enigonhahetgea (the good spirit and evil spirit) and their creatures, the Eagwehoewe (the people) and their enemies the Ronnongwetowanca (giants). The earliest people were championed by the hero Donhtonha and the less heroic Yatatonwatea and plagued by the mischeivous Shotyeronsgwea. These early people were also threatened by (but survived) the Big Quisquiss or mammoth, the Big Elk, the great Emperor who resided at the Golden City to the south, the great horned serpent of Lake Ontario, and the blazing star that fell.More recently, the creation was renewed and restored, and the Six Nations situated and intermittently rescued by the intervention of Tarenyawagon, the Holder of the Heavens.The Five Nations were a confederacy, or Ggoneaseabneh (Long House), consisting of the1. Teakawrehhogeh or Tehawrehogeh (Mohawks)2. Newhawtehtahgo or Nehawretahgo (Oneidas)3. Seuhnaukata or Seuhnowkahtah (Onondagas)4. Shoneanawetowah (Cayugas)5. Tehooneanyohent or Tehowneanyohent (Senecas)They were later joined by the Kautanohakau (Tuscaroras) to make the Six Nations.Their human enemies at times included the Sohnourewah (Shawnees), Twakanhahors (Mississaugers), Ottauwahs, Squawkihows, Kanneastokaroneah (Eries), Ranatshaganha (Mohegans), Nay-Waunaukauraunah, and Keatahkiehroneah.Their monstrous enemies included the Konearaunehneh (Flying Heads), the Lake Serpent, the Otneyarheh (Stonish Giants), the snake with the human head, the Oyalkquoher or Oyalquarkeror (the Big Bear), the great musqueto, Kaistowanea (the serpent with two heads), the great Lizard, and the witches introduced by the Skaunyatohatihawk or Nanticokes.Important figures in the history include Atotarho I, first king of the Five Nations, his successors Atotarho IIXIII, the war chiefs Shorihowane and Thoyenogea, Sauwanoo, Queen Yagowanea, and the allied or friendly Dog Tail Nation and the Kauwetseka.Cusick gives particular attention to geographical details, including the Kanawage or St. Lawrence River, Yenonanatche or Mohawk River, Shawnaytawty or Hudson River, Ouauweyoka or Mississippi River, Onyakarra or Niagara River, Kaunsehwatauyea or Susquehanna River, Kuskehsawkich or Oswego Falls, Jenneatowake or Canandaigua Lake, Kauhagwarahka or Lake Erie, Goyogoh or Cayuga Lake, Geatahgweah or Chatatique Lake, and the forts at Kedauyerkawau (now Tonewanta plains), Kauhanauka, and the village of Kaunehsuntahkeh.Cusicks Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations has been proposed as a possible source for or influence on the Book of Mormon; it has also been advanced as evidence for the existence of Bigfoot and the Lake Champlain monster.David Cusick was born around 1780, probably on the Oneida reservation in upstate New York. He served in the War of 1812, during which his village was burned by the British. He was a physician and painter and student of Iroquois oral tradition. He published the first edition of Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations as a 28-page pamphlet at Lewiston, NY, in 1827. He re-issued it the following year with additional text and four of his own engravings, and that edition provides the text and illustrations reprinted here. Cusick is thought to have died around 1840. The Sketches was republished in 1848 (Lockport, NY) and again in 1892 (Fayetteville, NY). http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=86095 John Eliot, the Puritan missionary to the New England Indians, developed this plan of political organization for the Christianized tribes that he converted. In the late 1640s, he adapted it for English use and sent a manuscript copy to England, where it appeared in print 10 years later, in 1659, following the death of Cromwell and before the accession of Charles II.Eliots Preface to the work was even more radical than the utopian theocracy described in the main body. Much is spoken of the rightful Heir of the Crown of England, and the unjustice of casting out the right Heir: but Christ is the only right Heir of the Crown of England, and of all other Nations also. He proposed to the English nation, That you would now set the Crown of England upon the head of Christ, whose only true inheritance it is, and set their civil polity on the model given by God to Moses in the wilderness (in Exodus 18), so that then shall the will of God be done on earth, as it is done in heaven. The work throughout anticipates an imminent start of the millennium.Within three years the book had been banned, and Eliot was forced to issue a public retraction and apology. His unique and fascinating work has been called the first book of political theory written by an American and also the first book to be banned by an American government.This online edition reproduces the full text of the original, including the contemporary spellings and punctuation. A few typographic errors have been corrected and are noted. The entire work can be printed out on 33 sheets of letter-size paper. http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=409301 מפה המתארת את המסלול המשוער שבו הוגלו תושבי יהודה לבבל בעקבות מרידתם בנבוכדנצאר מלך בבל. גלות יהויכין הייתה גל ההגליה הראשון. היא ארעה בשנת 598 לפני הספירה. יחד עם המלך יהויכין הוגלתה לבבל כל צמרת המדינה – שרים, אצילים, כהנים, בעלי אחוזות, וכל בעלי המלאכה (מלכים-ב כד 14 ואילך). כעבור 11 שנה, בשנת 587/6 לפני הספירה (מלכים-ב כה) כבש נבוכדנאצר את ירושלים והחריב את המקדש. נבוכדנאצר היגלה לבבל את המלך צדקיהו ורבים מתושבי יהודה והביא את הקץ על ממלכת יהודה.