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Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice (2nd ed.)

PAUL R. BOWDRE, Ed.D.

Editor


The e-Text content has been edited by Paul R. Bowdre and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Under this license, any user of this textbook or the textbook contents herein must provide proper attribution as follows:

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Brief Contents

PART I: Law Enforcement

  • Improving policing in a multiracial society in the United States: A New Approach.  

M.D. Schlosser, S. Cha-Jua, M.J. Valgoi, and H.A. Neville

  • Case study: Using crime data and open source data to design a police patrol area. 

B. Allen

  • Private eyes, they’re watching you: Law enforcement’s monitoring of social media.  

R. Levinson-Waldman

  • Bias crime policing: “The graveyard shift.” 

G. Mason and L. Moran

PART II: Cybercrime 

  • Awareness and perception of cybercrimes and cybercriminals.

H. Lee, and H. Lim

  • The profile of the international cyber offender in the U.S.

L. Hadzhidimova and B. Payne

  • Perception versus punishment in cybercrime.

J.T. Graves, A. Acquisti, and R. Anderson

PART III: Domestic Extremism, Terrorism, and Hate Crime

  • An argument for terrorism.

R. Jackson

  • How to define terrorism.

J. Sinai

  • Current and emerging threats to homegrown terrorism: The case of the Boston bombings.

R. Gunaratna and C. Haynal

  • Perceiving hate crime: A comparative analysis of major newspaper coverage of hate crimes in the United States and United Kingdom.

K. Warren-Gordon

  • Taking North American white supremacist groups seriously: The scope and challenge of hate speech on the internet.

R. Cohen-Almagor

PART IV: Human Trafficking

  • Globalization and human trafficking.

L. Jones, D.W. Engstrom, T. Hilliard, and M. Diaz

  • The wages of human trafficking.

R.M. Jaleel

  • Sex trafficking at the border: An exploitation of anti-trafficking efforts in the pacific northwest.

A. Norfolk and H. Hallgrimsdottir

PART V: Forensic Science and Crime Scenes

  • Garbage in, garbage out: Revising Strickland as applied to forensic science evidence.

M. Loudon-Brown

  • Perceived realism and the CSI-effect.

L.A. Ewanation, S. Yamamoto, J. Monnink and E.M. Maeder

  • Review of on-scene management of mass-casualty attacks.

A. Holgersson

PART VI: Drug Crime Policy

  • A new approach to formulating and appraising drug policy: A multi-criterion decision analysis applied to alcohol and cannabis regulation.

O. Rogeberg, D. Bergsvik, L.D. Phillips, J. van Amsterdam, N. Eastwood, G. Henderson, M. Lynskey, F. Measham, R. Ponton, S. Rolles, A.K. Schlag, P. Taylor, and D. Nutt

  • Electronic cigarette use among Mississippi adults. Journal of Addiction.

V.L. Mendy, R. Vargas, G. Cannon-Smith, M. Payton, E. Byambaa, and L. Zhang

  • Marijuana promotions on social media: Adolescents’ views on prevention strategies.

M.A. Moreno, A.D. Gower, M.C. Jenkins, B. Kerr, and J. Gritton

  • The value of unsolicited online data in drug policy research. International Journal of Drug Policy.

O. Enghoff and J. Aldridge

PART VII: Mental Health and Criminal Justice

  • Law enforcement and the mentally ill: Thirty years of police literature.

J. Noe

  • Mental preparedness as a pathway to police resilience and optimal functioning in the line of duty.

J.P. Andersen, K. Papazoglou, B.B. Arnetz, and P.J. Collins

  • The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model for Law Enforcement: Creative considerations for enhancing university campus Police response to mental health crisis.

E. Segal

  • Police training and specialized approaches for responding to people with mental illness.

J. Hails and R. Borum

PART VIII: Corrections and Alternatives to Incarceration

  • Prisons and state buildings: Promoting “the fiasco of the prison” in a global context.

D.H. Drake

  • Inmate’s rights to rehabilitation during incarceration: A critical analysis of the United States correctional system.

S. Seigafo

  • Learning to escape: Prison education, rehabilitation and the potential for transformation.

C. Behan

  • Future prisons and personalized trajectories.

C. Joldersma

PART IX: Death Penalty

  • Original meaning and the death penalty.

J. Stinneford

  • Controversy and the death penalty.

s. Pineo

  • Understanding death penalty support and opposition among criminal justice and law enforcement students.

R. Sethuraju, J. Sole, and B.E. Oliver

Preface

Welcome to Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice, an open educational resource (OER) text. This textbook was developed to increase student access to high-quality learning materials while maintaining the highest standards of academic expectations and rigor at little to no cost.


This textbook can be accessed for free in a web view or PDF.


ABOUT CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of a single-semester Criminal Justice Capstone course, or of special topics courses that explore and critically evaluate pressing issues in the field. The textbook provides students with an opportunity to demonstrate mastery of core concepts in criminal justice and to analyze how those concepts apply to their lives and the broader world.


This textbook adheres to the typical scope and sequence of a criminal justice capstone course. The selected readings are intended to be engaging and accessible while preserving the conceptual depth and rigor expected in criminal justice degree programs. With this objective in mind, the material is arranged to follow a logical progression: beginning with fundamental issues in law enforcement, moving through topics such as cybersecurity, domestic extremism, terrorism, and hate crimes, then addressing human trafficking, forensic science, drug policy, mental health and criminal justice, corrections and alternatives to incarceration, and concluding with the death penalty.


The goal of each section is not only for students to recognize key concepts, but also to apply them in ways that are relevant to their future careers and their roles as engaged citizens.


ABOUT THE EDITOR

Dr. Paul Bowdre received a Bachelor of Science in Sociology from Western Carolina University, a Master of Professional Studies in Health and Human Services from Lynn University, a Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Administration from Mountain State University, an Educational Specialist in Computing Technology in Education from Nova Southeastern University, an Doctor of Education in Leadership from Oakland City University, and a Doctor of Healthcare Administration from Virginia University of Lynchburg. Additionally, Dr. Bowdre has received certificates in social gerontology, aging studies, community college teaching, educational technology, higher education assessment, educational assessment, and security studies. Dr. Bowdre joined Oakland City University in 2016 as the Coordinator of Criminal Justice Programs, transitioned to the Director of Assessment in 2017 and became Assistant Provost for Assessment and Institutional Effectiveness in 2019. Prior to joining Oakland City University, Dr. Bowdre served as the Criminal Justice Program Manager at Cambridge College (Aurora, CO), Criminal Justice Program Coordinator at Western Nebraska Community College (Scottsbluff, NE), and the Homeland Security Curriculum Coordinator at the State University of New York College of Technology at Canton (Canton, NY). Prior to his academic career, Dr. Bowdre worked in law enforcement and state institutional corrections for 23 years where he attained the rank of police captain with a South Florida police agency and later attained the rank of senior inspector (colonel) with the third largest state correctional agency. 


PART I - Law Enforcement

Schlosser, M.D., Cha-Jua, S., Valgoi, M.J., & Neville, H.A. (2015). Improving policing in a multiracial society in the United States: A New Approach. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 10(1): 115-121.

Improving Policing.pdf

Allen, B. (2018). Case study: Using crime data and open source data to design a police patrol area. SMU Data Science Review, 1(1): Article 8.

Design a Police Patrol Area.pdf

Levinson-Waldman, R. (2019). Private eyes, they’re watching you: Law enforcement’s monitoring of social media. Oklahoma Law Review, 71: 997-1012.

Private Eyes Theyre Watching You_ Law Enforcement_s Monitoring.pdf

Mason, G. and Moran, L. (2019). Bias crime policing: “The graveyard shift.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 8(2): 1-16. 

Bias Crime Policing.pdf

PART II - Cybercrime

Lee, H. & Lim, H. (2019). Awareness and perception of cybercrimes and cybercriminals. International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime, 2(1): 1-3.

Awareness and Perception of Cybercrimes and Cybercriminals.pdf

Hadzhidimova, L. & Payne, B. (2019). The profile of the international cyber offender in the U.S. International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime, 2(1): 40-55.

The profile of the international cyber offender in the U.S..pdf

Graves, J.T., Acquisti, A., & Anderson, R. (2019). Perception versus punishment in cybercrime. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 109(2): 313-364.

Perception Versus Punishment in Cybercrime.pdf

PART III - Domestic Extremism, Terrorism, and Hate Crime

Jackson, R. (2008, January). An argument for terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(2): 25-32.

An Argument for Terrorism.pdf

Sinai, J. (2008, February). How to define terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(4): 9-11.

How to Define Terrorism.pdf

Gunaratna, R. & Haynal, C. (2013, June). Current and emerging threats to homegrown terrorism: The case of the Boston bombings. Perspectives on Terrorism, 7(3): 44-63.

Homegrown Terrorism.pdf

Warren-Gordon, K. (2018). Perceiving hate crime: A comparative analysis of major newspaper coverage of hate crimes in the United States and United Kingdom. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 13(1): 172-180.

Perceiving Hate Crimes.pdf

Cohen-Almagor, R. (2018). Taking North American white supremacist groups seriously: The scope and challenge of hate speech on the internet. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 7(2): 38-57.

Hate Speech on the Internet.pdf

PART IV - Human Trafficking

Jones, L., Engstrom, D.W., Hilliard, T., & Diaz, M. (2007). Globalization and human trafficking. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 34(2): 1-7-122.

Globalization and Human Trafficking.pdf

Jaleel, R.M. (2016). The wages of human trafficking. Brooklyn Law Review, 81(2): 563-625.

The Wages of Human Trafficking.pdf

Norfolk, A. & Hallgrimsdottir, H. (2019). Sex trafficking at the border: An exploitation of anti-trafficking efforts in the pacific northwest. Social Sciences, 8(155): 1-18.

Sex Trafficking at the Border.pdf

PART V - Forensic Science and Crime Scenes

Loudon-Brown, M. (2018). Garbage in, garbage out: Revising Strickland as applied to forensic science evidence. Georgia State University Law Review, 34(4): 893-914.

Garbage In Garbage Out_ Revising Strickland As Applied To Forens.pdf

Ewanation, L.A., Yamamoto, S., Monnink, J. & Maeder, E.M. (2017). Perceived realism and the CSI-effect. Cogent Social Sciences, 3: 1-13.

Perceived Realism and the CSI Effect.pdf

Holgersson, A. (2016). Review of on-scene management of mass-casualty attacks. Journal of Human Security, 12(1): 91-111.

Review of On-Scene Management of Mass-Casualty Attacks.pdf

PART VI - Drug Crime Policy

Rogeberg, O., Bergsvik, D., Phillips, L.D., van Amsterdam, J., Eastwood, N., Henderson, G., Lynskey, M., Measham, F., Ponton, R., Rolles, S., Schlag, A.K., Taylor, P. & Nutt, D. (2018). A new approach to formulating and appraising drug policy: A multi-criterion decision analysis applied to alcohol and cannabis regulation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 144-152.

A new approach to formulating and appraising drug policy.pdf

Mendy, V.L., Vargas, R., Cannon-Smith, Gerri, Payton, M., Byambaa, E., & Zhang, L. (2015). Electronic cigarette use among Mississippi adults. Journal of Addiction.

Electronic Cigarette Use among Mississippi Adults.pdf

Moreno, M.A., Gower, A.D., Jenkins, M.C., Kerrr, B., & Gritton, J. (2018). Marijuana promotions on social media: Adolescents’ views on prevention strategies. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 13: 1-8.

MarijuanaPromotionsOnSocialMedia.pdf

 Enghoff, O. & Aldridge, J. (2019). The value of unsolicited online data in drug policy research. International Journal of Drug Policy.

The value of unsolicited online data in drug policy research.pdf

PART VII - Mental Health and Criminal Justice

Noe, J. (2013). Law enforcement and the mentally ill: Thirty years of police literature. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32(2), 103-129.

Law Enforcement and the Mentally Ill Thirty Years of Police Lit.pdf

Andersen, J.P., Papazoglou, K., Arnetz, B.B., & Collins, P.J. (2015). Mental preparedness as a pathway to police resilience and optimal functioning in the line of duty. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(3), 624-627.

Mental Preparedness as a Pathway to Police Resilience.pdf

Segal, E. (2014). The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model for Law Enforcement: Creative considerations for enhancing university campus Police response to mental health crisis. Creative and Knowledge Society, 4(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/cks-2014-0001 

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model for Law Enforcement.pdf

Hails, J. & Borum, R. (2003). Police training and specialized approaches for responding to people with mental illness. Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications, 44.

Police Training and Specialized Approaches for Responding to People with Mental Illness.pdf

PART VIII - Corrections and Alternatives to Incarceration

Drake, D.H. (2018). Prisons and state buildings: Promoting “the fiasco of the prison” in a global context. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 7(4): 1-15. 

Prisons and State Building.pdf

Seigafo, S. (2017). Inmate’s rights to rehabilitation during incarceration: A critical analysis of the United States correctional system. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 12(2): 183-195. 

Inmates Rights to Rehabilitation.pdf

Behan, C. (2014, October). Learning to escape: Prison education, rehabilitation and the potential for transformation. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 1(1); 20-31. 

Learning to Escape.pdf

Joldersma, C. (2017, June). Future prisons and personalized trajectories. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 4(1): 36-41.

Future Prisons.pdf

PART IX - Death Penalty

Stinneford, J. (2018). Original meaning and the death penalty. University of St. Thomas Journal of Law and Public Policy, 44(1): 44-62.

Original Meaning and the Death Penalty.pdf

Pineo, S. (2019). Controversy and the death penalty. Across the Bridge: The Merrimack Undergraduate Research Journal, 1: 41-51.

Controversy and the Death Penalty.pdf

Sethuraju, R., Sole, J. & Oliver, B.E. (2016, March). Understanding death penalty support and opposition among criminal justice and law enforcement students. SAGE Open, 1-15.

Death Penalty Support Among Students.pdf