Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography
Mass Murder Sites Other Than Death Camps
Gunner Cook-Dumas
Mann, Simon. "Survivors tell of massacres in Latvia." Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited (2000): 2.
The source is both an primary and secondary source as it has testimonies and research to back it up. it covers a both a trial of an Kommando and a former inmate who testifies against him with what he experienced. It talks about the methods used in the mass murders and the locations that the events took place.
This will be a good source for my project as it uses a testimony from real inmates and offends. It goes into detail how the murders took place and the methods that were used. most importantly, it talks about a location that wasn’t a death camp, the forest of Riga which was used for killing and is the main point of the article.
Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 31 August 2021. <https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/mass-shootings-of-jews-during-the-holocaust>.
A website written by the Holocaust Memorial Museum discussing about the different killing methods and sites for mass murders in the U.S.S.R area. It contains information about the different operations that were performed like Operation Barbarossa. Additionally, it goes into detail about the different culprits who performed the mass murders from the Germans to the locals.
Considering this source is from the Holocaust Memorial Museum I find that its information is trustworthy. This source doesn’t go into deep detail into each Shoah event, but it does give a good overall perspective. This will give me an overall idea of what happened, but it has also given me more information about other killing sites and events.
Naimark, Norman M. "The many lives of Babi Yar: one of the blackest chapters of World War II: the German massacre of Kyiv's Jews. The horror of Babi Yar, suppressed in the Soviet era, may be finding its proper place in European memory at last.." Hoover Digest (2017): 4.
This source is a article that covers a large portion of the Babi Yar massacre. It starts prior to the event with how the jews were rounded up and to how they were massacred in the raven. It covers what the Germans and other culprits did during and after the murdering as well. Furthermore, the article covers the after effects and the years of history that happen to the even from the Soviet Union acknowledged the massacre but not acknowledging that they were jews.
This Source is excellent for my paper as it goes into detail the events and how it takes place. I can use it as a timeline of how the events of the Shoah took place and the reactions of governments afterwards. Additionally, since it is covering a large timeline, i can use it as a basis to other mass murders that the Nazis took place in.
Springfield, Steven. Oral history interview with Steven Springfield Linda G. Kuzmack. 30 March 1990.
This is a primary source in the form of an interview of a survivor. He was taken to a Latvia ghetto outside Riga. He tells of his exsper4ances within the ghetto and what happened to people. he talks about how the ghetto was emptied and people being taken to the camps or the Riga forest to be murdered.
This is a great source even if it doesn’t have too much information about the actual murders within Riga. the fact that the testimony coincides with other documents that i have sourced shows that there is continuity to the subject. Furthermore, the testimony give a good background into what would happen before a massacre and puts faces behind the people who were murdered and participated.
unknown. "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum." 33 9 1941. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. <https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/photo/an-ss-guard-examines-clothing-of-victims-of-the-babyn-yar-mass-shootings >.
A photograph taken after the event of Baby Yar killing site. The clothes belong to the nearly 33,000 New that were forced to strip and then be murdered by the SS. This dose an excellent job showing the sheer scale of the atrocity committed here. The person in the photograph is an SS member looking through the belongings of victims.
This source is great as it gives a face to the otherwise faceless act that was committed. The viewer can see the scale of the event that took place and the people who constructed it. It is relevant to my questions as it portrays the location that is being discussed and the aftermath of the murder.
—. "https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/photo/an-ss-guard-examines-clothing-of-victims-of-the-babyn-yar-mass-shootings." 33 September 1941. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Photograph. 29 March 2023. <https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/photo/an-ss-guard-examines-clothing-of-victims-of-the-babyn-yar-mass-shootings >.
A photograph taken by an unknow photographer in 1941 showing Soviet civilians being murdered into a mass grave. This took place inside the USSR but its exact location is not said and there are no distinguishable landmarks in the country side as the whole sky is white.
This will be a great source as it shows that not only the Jews were victims in the Holocaust but also Soviets, Roma, and others. However, there are a lot of unknowns in this image as it is somewhat poor quality and its information isn’t complete. Nevertheless, it will still be useful to give a picture as to what would happen at this mass murder sites and what was instore for the victims.
Pronicheva, Dina Mironovna. The Holocaust in Ukraine – German Mass Shootings Zh. V. Vil’kova. 24 April 1946. Writing.
An eyewitness report of the events that happened at Babi Yar recounted by Dina Mironovna. The interview recounts the days leading up to the massacres, the massacre itself, how she escapes, and how she lives out her life.
This is a good source, not many people survived this massacre to talk about it. She describes excellent details that many reports miss or glaze over. Additionally, it shows how the events of such a massacre play out for the Jews with the misleading of information all the way to their deaths. Finally, it shows how ruthless the Nazi were when executing such a grand plan with how they would kill and witnesses.