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Models of the Information Seeking Process

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Overview:: This chapter presents the most commonly discussed theoretical models of the search process: the standard model, the cognitive model, the dynamic model, search as a sequence of stages, search as a strategic process, and sensemaking. The chapter concludes with a discussion of information needs, including methods for inferring information needs from their expression as queries. From the book Search User Interfaces, Cambridge University Press 2009
Type of Material:: Open (Access) Textbook -- Chapter
Recommended Uses:: in class reading or homework reading
Technical Requirements:: Browser. Tested in Chrome, Firefox and Edge.
Identify Major Learning Goals:: The goal of this chapter to provide a baseline of knowledge related to the different models of the information seeking process.
Target Student Population:: College General Ed, College Lower Division, College Upper Division, Graduate School, Professional
Prerequisite Knowledge or Skills:: This is an introductory textbook, minimum prior knowledge of the research process and how people navigate internet resources.

Rating:
Strengths:: This chapter demonstrates the core concept of how humans seek information. Various theoretical processes are discussed. The basics of information-seeking models are clearly explained. Information is well-organized under chapter subtitles. A substantive bibliography includes all mentioned theories and studies.
Concerns:: This book was published in 2009 and so is inherently out of date. In regards to the portions that address web browsing and research this is a specific concern. The textbook references the early days of internet searching but the now commonplace sources of internet research are not included. This text would benefit from updating in that regard. There are also references to word processors and other out of dated technical terms that would require updating to appeal to a current audience. The section 3.7.1: Web Log-based Query Taxonomies needs modernizing to reflect current web processes. An updating of the studies referenced throughout to include more recent data would be beneficial.

Rating:
Strengths:: The chapter reinforces concepts progressively. It is thorough but short, making it an efficient learning tool. Overall, the textbook provides a strong background on information-seeking models. However, its effectiveness is greatly limited by the lack of current studies and examples. The portion on information needs is concise and well-written.
Concerns:: The teaching and learning goals may not be immediately clear to readers. The portion on sensemaking would benefit from updating to reflect issues related to content publishing since we are in an information overloaded age. It would be beneficial for students to be thinking about the value of information retrieved from social media during an event in contrast to sources written about the event afterwards. The conversation should also include how we as a society value some voices over others and how that biases what information is valued.

Rating:
Strengths:: The chapter is easy to navigate and in good working order.
Concerns:: The material contains limited opportunities for interactivity. The resource would benefit from having the reference list redirect users to online versions of resources when possible to increase intellectual curiosity of the student. The screenshots of websites add to the dated feel of the content and should be updated.