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Critical Thinking is something most professionals in Higher Education are in favor of teaching, and most students say they are eager to learn. But it is not clear there is a common meaning for the term “critical thinking” underlying this wide enthusiasm.This text is intended for classes offered in the discipline of Philosophy, as it has developed within the European intellectual tradition. Critical Thinking classes in Philosophy evolved from the 1970s onward, slowly morphing from classes in formal or symbolic logic to new classes in applied symbolic logic. Applied logic gave way to Informal Logic classes, and from there to Critical Thinking. In the Philosophy tradition, critical thinking still uses the vocabulary and techniques from logic proper. Some of this vocabulary is shared with other disciplines in Higher Education – especially Argumentative Writing (in Composition or Rhetoric departments) and Speech or Debate classes (from Communication.) But the common vocabulary can mask underlying differences in emphasis. Critical Thinking in the tradition of logic is focused less on persuading, and more on reliability of thinking.

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