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Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is a complex condition affecting the entire joint—from cartilage and bone to ligaments and muscles—and is best understood not as simple "wear and tear" but as an active process where the joint's repair mechanisms cannot keep pace with ongoing changes, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Modern management, guided by international clinical guidelines, emphasizes an active, empowered approach centered on a comprehensive, stepwise strategy that prioritizes non-surgical interventions such as tailored exercise, weight management, and patient education. This guide synthesizes global best practices to demystify OA and provide a clear, actionable path forward, empowering individuals to partner with their healthcare providers, utilize evidence-based self-management strategies, and take control of their journey to maintain an active and fulfilling life.

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