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The integration of gamification, problem-based instruction (PBI), and artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematics learning represents a contemporary pedagogical trend aimed at enhancing student engagement, critical thinking, and learning outcomes. This study aims to develop and implement a gamified PBI model with AI assistance to improve mathematics learning outcomes among senior high school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The study involved 180 Grade XI students from six classes (XI-MIPA-A–F) at SMA Negeri 2 Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, during the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year (January–June 2026). The instruments included a mathematics achievement test, gamification engagement questionnaire, AI literacy scale, and PBI perception survey. Expert validation (n=5) indicated high content validity (Vexp > 0.85). Empirical validity showed that all 35 items had r-calculated > r-table (0.148, p<0.05). Reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) ranged from 0.78 to 0.89 across instruments. The implementation results showed a significant increase in mathematics learning outcomes (pre-test mean = 58.4; post-test mean = 84.7; t = 21.34, p < 0.001). Gamification engagement was high (mean = 4.2/5), and AI integration improved problem-solving efficiency by 32%. The findings indicate that the gamified PBI model with AI integration is feasible, valid, and effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on technology-enhanced mathematics education in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum.

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