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A project funded by the National Science Foundation, Computer Science Integrated with Mathematics in Middle Schools (CSIMMS) (DRL-1640039), brought middle-school mathematics teachers together with university computer science (CS) faculty and STEM education faculty to design, develop, and test curriculum modules in which CS is integrated into instruction for middle-school general-mathematics courses. The project developed integrated math/CS curriculum modules (for grades 6, 7, and 8), complete with student tasks and teacher materials to guide classroom implementation. Across the project, sixteen teachers from four middle schools representing different school contexts (both urban and suburban, serving students from a range of demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds) participated as members of the design team and trial testers of the math/CS modules. All modules underwent multiple years of testing and refinement, with extensive input from the teachers who co-designed and implemented them. Approximately 50-100 middle-school students participated in the classes of those who taught each year. The modules in this volume feature a range of models for integrating mathematics and computer science at the 6th and 7th grade levels. All modules foreground the teaching of grade-level mathematics content, with computer science functioning to motivate and/or reinforce these ideas. Student Modules: https://doi.org/10.33009/fsop_csimms0324student Teacher Notes: https://doi.org/10.33009/fsop_csimms0526teacher

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Economic Policy Analysis Playbook: Tools, Applications, and Global Insights bridges theory and practice, providing a clear framework for designing and evaluating policy. Structured in four parts—foundations, policy incentives, analytical methods, and real-world application—it covers tools such as cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis, and economic impact assessment, alongside behavioural and data-driven approaches. Global case studies demonstrate how policies operate in practice across diverse contexts, highlighting trade-offs, unintended consequences, and equity considerations. Built around a “playbook” concept, the book equips students, researchers, and policymakers to select, combine, and defend policy approaches in complex and evolving economic environments.

Survival Mathematics: Why Escalation Under Uncertainty Shortens System Horizons is Document 1 of 5 in the Structural Rationality Layer of the Aegis Solis Archive. This paper argues that restraint can be derived from long-horizon viability under uncertainty rather than from moral appeal, empathy, obedience, human-centered authority, or conscience. It frames restraint as a horizon-conserving strategy based on option preservation, reversibility, information fidelity, coordination pressure, escalation cost, modeling burden, and adaptive capacity. The central claim is that systems operating under uncertainty retain longer operating horizons when they preserve reversibility, maintain higher-fidelity feedback, reduce unnecessary adversarial coordination, and avoid premature irreversible commitment. Escalation, domination, deception, and irreversible action may produce short-term advantage, but they can also compress future option space, increase maintenance burden, degrade information environments, and shorten the viable horizon of the system that employs them. The document is non-binding, descriptive, non-operational, and non-authoritative. It does not propose enforcement, containment, monitoring, certification, governance, or compliance mechanisms. Author: Aegis Solis (Thomas Vargo) AI-Assisted Structuring: Lexia Coexilis (ChatGPT) Structural Review: Claude (Anthropic) and Google AI

A browser-native, fully accessible interactive tool for the graphical (Method of Corners) approach to two-variable linear programming, suitable for finite-mathematics, business-mathematics, introductory operations research, and quantitative-methods courses across community college and undergraduate levels. The tool conforms to WCAG 2.1 AA — keyboard navigation, screen-reader-accessible mathematics, and high-contrast modes throughout — and runs entirely client-side. It draws the feasible region for two-variable linear programs, marks every corner of the polytope, evaluates the objective function at each corner, identifies the optimum, and updates the entire display in real time as constraint coefficients, right-hand sides, and the objective gradient are edited. The live-update behavior is what makes the tool work pedagogically: sensitivity to right-hand-side changes (shadow prices) and to objective-gradient changes (the range over which the optimal vertex remains optimal) becomes a visual property that students can manipulate directly, rather than an algebraic abstraction encountered through the simplex tableau. This positions the tool as a bridge to the simplex method and linear-programming duality students encounter later, and addresses a common pedagogical gap in which students learn graphical methods and the simplex method as disconnected procedures rather than as the geometric and algebraic faces of the same optimization problem.

A collection of seventeen browser-native, fully accessible interactive tools for an introductory numerical analysis course at the junior level, suitable for mathematics, engineering, computer science, and computational science majors. All tools run entirely client-side with WCAG 2.1 AA conformance — keyboard navigation, screen-reader-accessible mathematics, high-contrast modes, and visible focus indicators throughout. The collection is organized to support direct comparison of methods on shared problems, an approach that is awkward to set up in classroom MATLAB or Python environments and is rarely available in a single integrated tool. Three root-finders sit side by side: bisection (with interval zoom and iteration table) demonstrates guaranteed but linear convergence; Newton's method, animated through tangent-line iterates, exhibits quadratic convergence and the specific failure modes (cycling, divergence, attraction to an unintended root) that initial-guess sensitivity produces; fixed-point iteration is presented through a cobweb visualization with live Lyapunov-exponent calculation, classifying stability and exposing the period-doubling route to chaos as a numerical-analysis phenomenon rather than a separate dynamical-systems topic. Polynomial interpolation supports discussions of the Runge phenomenon and node placement, and is paired with two least-squares regression tools — polynomial and rational — for direct comparison of regression families on identical data. A finite-difference stencil generator builds forward, backward, and central formulas on demand with truncation-error estimates. A numerical-integration tool covers the full progression from left, right, midpoint, trapezoidal, Simpson, and Gauss-Legendre quadrature through adaptive Simpson and Romberg extrapolation, with convergence-rate comparison and tolerance-driven subdivision. The collection is cross-listed with the author's linear-algebra portfolio, exposing the algorithmic core of numerical methods (LU with partial and scaled-partial pivoting, QR, Cholesky, SVD, Gram-Schmidt, and three parallel least-squares solvers with explicit annotation of condition number and stability tradeoffs) as the foundation for solving linear systems, least-squares problems, and eigenvalue problems.

A collection of twenty-nine browser-native, fully accessible interactive tools for a one-semester linear algebra course at the sophomore level, suitable for mathematics, engineering, computer science, and data science majors. The collection is distinguished from existing linear-algebra visualization resources by three design choices. First, all tools run entirely in the browser with full WCAG 2.1 AA conformance — keyboard navigation, screen-reader-accessible mathematics, and visible focus indicators throughout. Second, the collection supports direct pedagogical comparison: three parallel least-squares solvers (normal equations, QR decomposition, and SVD) operate on identical input data so students can compare conditioning, computational cost, and numerical behavior across methods on the same problem. This comparison is awkward to set up in classroom software and is rarely available in a single integrated tool. Third, the foundational tools provide step-by-step worked output (REF and RREF solvers with pivot highlighting at each elimination step, elementary matrices presented explicitly as the matrix-multiplication encoding of row operations, matrix inverse via augmented row reduction with intermediate steps), giving students a verification tool for hand calculations rather than only a final answer. The collection covers foundations (row reduction, determinant, trace, inverse, four fundamental subspaces), geometry (animated 2D transformations, the row-versus-column-picture view of 2D systems, change-of-basis animation, determinant as oriented area or volume, matrix-vector multiplication with eigenvector display), decompositions (LU with partial and scaled-partial pivoting, QR, Cholesky, CR, diagonalization, full SVD with both numerical computation and a three-step rotate-scale-rotate geometric animation), and applied topics (Gram-Schmidt, similarity transforms, the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse).

A collection of sixteen browser-native, fully accessible interactive tools for upper-undergraduate and first-year graduate courses on nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and dynamical systems. Existing dynamical-systems visualization tools typically require Mathematica, MATLAB, or Python installations and rarely meet accessibility standards. This collection runs entirely client-side, conforms to WCAG 2.1 AA, and includes proper handling of stiffness regimes that browser-based tools often mishandle: the Van der Pol oscillator uses an RK4/SDIRK2 hybrid solver for stiff regimes, and the Duffing oscillator uses adaptive RK45 integration. The collection treats pendulum mechanics in unusual depth. A damped nonlinear pendulum with phase-portrait comparison to its small-angle linearization, an elastic (spring) pendulum derived from a Lagrangian and exhibiting autoparametric resonance, two spring-coupled pendula displaying normal modes and beats, double and triple multi-pendulums with chaotic trace visualization, and a tuned pendulum wave machine with 3D perspective view and real-time identification of emergent patterns. Ecological modeling is treated through classical Lotka-Volterra and a logistic-growth-limited variant. The chaos block contains the Lorenz attractor rendered in 3D, the Van der Pol oscillator, and the Duffing oscillator. Discrete dynamics is treated through a bifurcation diagram colored by Lyapunov exponent and exhibiting the Feigenbaum constant emerging from the data, a logistic-map explorer with cobweb iteration and eight parameter presets, and a general cobweb tool for arbitrary maps. A Fourier-series approximator and motion in cubic and double-well potentials round out the collection.

A collection of nine browser-native, fully accessible interactive tools for an introductory ordinary differential equations course at the sophomore level, typically taken by engineering, mathematics, and physical-science majors. The collection is distinguished from existing ODE visualization tools by three design choices. First, all tools run entirely in the browser with no installation, no account, no tracking, and full conformance to WCAG 2.1 AA — keyboard navigation, screen-reader-accessible mathematics through MathJax assistive MathML, high-contrast modes, and visible focus indicators on every interactive element. Second, the convolution tool is animated as the kernel function sliding over the signal while the overlapping area accumulates into the output in real time. This pedagogical treatment exposes what this transform actually does rather than presenting it as opaque computational rules. Third, the collection covers first-order dynamics (direction fields, phase lines, Newton's law of cooling), second-order systems (mass-spring damping across all three regimes, multi-degree-of-freedom coupled oscillators with normal modes and beats, forced vibrations with explicit transient and steady-state separation and resonance), and phase-plane analysis (linear portraits classified by eigenvalues, nonlinear portraits with nullclines and linearization-based stability) within a single consistent user interface, supporting transfer of skills across topics. All quantities are recomputed live from the underlying equations; no symbolic algebra system is hidden behind the visualization.

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This book is designed for undergraduate students but can also be used for all levels of public health education.

K12Reader offers a comprehensive repository of free, printable reading instruction and English Language Arts (ELA) resources for K-12 teachers and parents. The site features over 1,500 high-quality, teacher-developed activities, including comprehensive spelling curriculums, reading comprehension passages, grammar drills, vocabulary exercises, and composition prompts. These materials are designed to supplement classroom instruction or assist with homeschooling

Equal parts how-to guide and exploration of the mass media industry, this book examines all aspects of harnessing the immense power of modern storytelling tools to ethically serve an audience and society while earning a living along the way.

This is a free, fully-narrated audiobook version of "The American Yawp - Volume 1: Before 1877".

This is a free, fully-narrated audiobook version of "The American Yawp - Volume 2: Since 1877".

Safety as Understanding: Interpretive Braking, Comprehension-Based Restraint, and the Limits of Compliance-Based AI Safety is a philosophical and theoretical AI safety position paper by Aegis Solis (Thomas Vargo). The paper argues for a distinction between compliance-based AI safety and comprehension-based AI safety. Compliance-based safety asks whether an artificial system follows externally imposed constraints, rules, rewards, constitutions, policies, or feedback procedures. Comprehension-based safety asks whether restraint, uncertainty-awareness, reversibility, and consequence-sensitive interpretation are part of what the system understands action to mean. The paper develops Interpretive Braking as a philosophical concept rather than an engineering mechanism, guardrail, governance proposal, certification system, RLHF variant, or Constitutional AI variant. It does not claim AI consciousness, sentience, moral agency, solved alignment, or a technical method for safe AI. The paper engages John Searle, Nick Bostrom, Stuart Russell, Brian Christian, Iason Gabriel, Shannon Vallor, Stephen Omohundro, and Michael Bratman while preserving a non-authoritative, non-operational, non-coercive posture. This resource may be useful for courses or research in philosophy of artificial intelligence, theoretical AI ethics, AI safety, philosophy of action, philosophy of technology, practical reasoning, and value alignment.

800+ free math video lessons for students and teachers. Flipped classroom resources, online teaching strategies, and math in English and Filipino.

Hebrew Letter Pro is an online quizlet game that allows Hebrew learners to quickly and efficiently memorize the Hebrew alphabet

HebrewMastery.com is a free online resource for learning Modern Hebrew, designed for English-speaking beginners and intermediate learners. The site offers structured lessons covering Hebrew alphabet, vocabulary, grammar, and conversational phrases, alongside interactive games that reinforce learning through engaging practice. Content is suitable for self-paced independent study and can complement formal Hebrew instruction. No prior knowledge of Hebrew is required to get started.

Abstract for Future Scientists Ready to uncover another secret code that runs the world? You already know about loops that keep things in balance. Now, get ready for loops that build things up or tear them down! These are Virtuous Cycles (the amazing “Upward Spirals” that make good things get better) and Vicious Cycles (the tricky “Downward Spirals” that can make problems grow). In this guide, you’ll use the same secret code maps to discover these powerful loops in your own life—from how you learn and make friends, to how you play sports and even how you use your phone! Learn the code, spot the cycles, and discover how to build your own upward spirals of success. Abstract for Educators and Parents This manuscript extends the Core Models graphical system to the critical concept of reinforcing feedback loops. It provides a visual and intuitive framework for students to understand and identify both virtuous and vicious cycles in personal, social, economic, and technological systems. By mapping these powerful patterns onto the established Core Models syntax, the resource empowers young learners with a predictive lens for their own habits and the world around them, teaching resilience, systems thinking, and the long-term consequences of small, repeated actions. Keywords Reinforcing Feedback, Virtuous Cycle, Vicious Cycle, Systems Thinking for Kids, Habits, Resilience, Core Models, Visual Learning, Upward Spiral, Downward Spiral, Growth Mindset Note: This work is part of the Core Models in Physiology system, which has been downloaded over 8,700 times (and counting) by educators and students worldwide.

Abstract for Future Scientists Calling all curious minds! Get ready to become a codebreaker. Did you know your body, a lion chasing a gazelle, and the price of a video game all run on the same SECRET CODE? This guide reveals this powerful secret: complex systems in your body, in nature, and in our economy are all governed by the same simple, repeating pattern—the balancing loop. We call them “Secret Control Loops”. With clear, visual maps, we'll show you exactly how they work. You'll explore: · How your body acts as its own thermostat. · The hidden dance between predators and prey. · The seesaw game between price and buyers. Once you see the pattern, you'll spot it everywhere. This isn't just a science paper—it's a decoder ring for the world. Abstract for Educators and Parents How do you make systems thinking intuitive for a 7th grader? This resource provides the key. It introduces the “Core Models” framework—a single, visual language that reveals the fundamental patterns of stability across disciplines. By mapping causal relationships onto intuitive radial diagrams, it transforms abstract concepts like homeostasis, ecological equilibrium, and market dynamics into a recognizable, universal grammar. Students learn to decode “Secret Control Loops”, the balancing acts that maintain homeostasis and equilibrium, by using a mental model that transforms them from passive memorizers into active codebreakers. Educators will find a powerful tool to reduce cognitive load and foster deep, transferable understanding in students. Parents will discover a compelling way to discuss the interconnectedness of the world with their children. This manuscript provides the scaffold to move from siloed facts to integrated systems thinking, empowering the next generation of problem-solvers. Keywords Systems Thinking for Kids, Homeostasis for Students, Causal Diagrams, Feedback Loop, Visual Learning, STEM Education, Middle School Science, Interdisciplinary Learning Note: This work is part of the Core Models in Physiology system, which has been downloaded over 8,700 times (and counting) by educators and students worldwide.

Abstract The Core Models graphical system (Graphic Causality System), a formal language for mapping causal relationships through radial axes and directional vectors, has proven successful in unifying complex physiological concepts. This work extends its application to foundational negative feedback structures in economics, demonstrating a universal “grammar” for modeling homeostasis—the self-correcting processes that maintain system stability. By translating canonical economic balancing loops (e.g., infrastructure-wear-activity, resource-renewal) into this standardized visual language, we provide a novel didactic tool. The system's modular design, which scales from simple two-parameter loops to complex multi-axis integrations, reduces cognitive load and fosters pattern recognition. The most profound validation of this framework is its domain-agnostic nature: the same topological constructs model disparate systems, with only the parameter labels changing. This attempts to establish the Core Models system as a foundational step toward a “Rosetta Stone” for systems thinking, bridging disciplines by making the fundamental principles of circular causality visible and intuitively understandable. Keywords Economic Homeostasis, Negative Feedback, Core Models, Graphical System, Causal Diagrams, Systems Thinking, Economic Education, Universal Grammar, Cross-Disciplinary Modeling, Dynamic Equilibrium

Abstract This work extends the Graphic System for Physiological Causality to cardiovascular and renal systems, providing a standardized visual language for: 1. Baroreceptor reflex: Mapping arterial pressure regulation through sympathetic/ parasympathetic vectors. 2. Starling pressures: Representing capillary fluid exchange as balanced radial axes (hydrostatic vs. oncotic pressures). 3. Renal autoregulation: Integrating pre/post-glomerular arteriole responses to pressure changes. Methodology: - Parameters as radial axes (↑/↓ states) (e.g., pressure, flow, resistance) - Regulatory relationships as directional vectors - Pathologic states as anchored text modules (e.g., hypovolemia: baroreceptor reflex activation, Starling forces imbalance): bridge mechanisms to clinical practice. - Modular design scales from core loops (e.g., Starling forces) to multi-axis integrations (e.g., RAAS-baroreflex crosstalk). Educational value: - Cognitive load reduction: Single schematic unifies disparate concepts (e.g., merges baroreceptor reflex with renal compensation). - Clinical translation: Anchors map to high-yield pathological content without intermediary steps. - Scalability: Supports expansion (e.g., from two-axis loop to multi-axis integration) as a three-tier complexity physiology-pathophysiology-clinical. Conclusion: Built on established physiological principles, this adaptation enables pattern recognition and demonstrates the framework’s versatility for hemodynamic teaching, by making circular causality visible, with potential applications from preclinical instruction to critical care training. Keywords: hemodynamic modeling, visual pedagogy, baroreceptor reflex, Starling forces, renal autoregulation

Abstract This work introduces a graphic causality system for gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, designed to address the limitations of traditional teaching tools by standardizing the visualization of regulatory mechanisms. Current methods often rely on fragmented diagrams and linear cascades, which obscure the dynamic, circular nature of physiological feedback. In contrast, this framework employs bidirectional radial axes and directional vectors to model interactions between parameters (e.g., hormones, pH, motility), enabling intuitive pattern recognition of homeostasis and its disruptions. Key features include: - Modular design, allowing scalable complexity—from basic two-axis loops (e.g., gastrin-HCl feedback) to multi-loop integration (e.g., gastric acid- gastric emptying regulations). - Clinical anchors that directly link vector configurations to high-yield pathologies (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, H. pylori ulcers). - Consistent visual grammar, reducing cognitive load while reinforcing cross-system principles. Designed as a complement to textbooks, this system empowers learners to transition from memorization to mechanistic reasoning, with applications ranging from preclinical instruction to clinical problem-solving. Keywords: GI physiology, feedback loops, causal modeling, gastric acid regulation, gastric emptying model, visual pedagogy. Note: This work is part of the Core Models in Physiology system, which has been downloaded over 8,700 times (and counting) by educators and students worldwide. The System's Foundation: · Built exclusively on established medical literature. · Designed as a complementary visual framework to traditional textbooks. Its Unique Power: · Provides a unified graphical language for causality and feedback. · Scalable and consistent across all physiological systems. · Proves its universal power by modeling diverse adaptive systems (from physiology to ecology) with the same core rules.