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Research shows that parents facing financial hardship are more likely to experience stress, depression, and conflict intheir relationships and family, all of which compromise parenting and increase the risk for violence and other ACEs.31,32Parents facing financial hardship also have fewer resources to invest in their children and face difficult choices whentrying to balance work and family responsibilities. About 4 in 10 children under the age of 18 in the United States live ina low-income household*including more than half of African American and Hispanic children.33 Nearly 1 in 10 childrenin the U.S. live in deep poverty.33 Strong evidence consistently links low income to ACE exposures and children’s longterm health, educational, and social outcomes.5,34 Addressing the social and economic underpinnings of ACEs is criticalto achieving lasting and sustainable effects.Policies that strengthen household financial security (e.g., tax credits, childcare subsidies, other forms of temporaryassistance, and livable wages) and family-friendly work policies, such as paid leave and flexible and consistent workschedules, can prevent ACEs by increasing economic stability and family income, increasing maternal employment, andimproving parents’ ability to meet children’s basic needs and obtain high-quality childcare.27,28 These types of policiescan also prevent ACEs by reducing parental stress and depression and by protecting families from losing income to carefor a sick child or family member.27,28 Strengthening economic supports for families is a multi-generation strategy thataddresses the needs of parents and children so that both can succeed and achieve lifelong health and well-being.

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