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This research brief highlights data and research findings on racial and ethnic disparities in crime and the criminal justice system in the United States, with particular emphasis on studies that illustrate differences that can be explained by discrimination. The discussion focuses on issues relating to race/ethnicity in different stages of criminal justice processing at the beginning of the twenty-first century; data reflecting trends over time are presented for context. It seeks to present a balanced picture of what is known about these issues from systematic research evidence. While the concluding section presents some areas where research is incomplete, the thrust of this brief is to lay out some of the important scientific knowledge that helps us understand the intersection of race/ethnicity and the criminal justice system in America.

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