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Research and Development (R&D) in education is a systematic process designed to create or improve educational products, models, or training programs based on field needs. Instructional design models serve as essential frameworks guiding this development process. This article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of three prominent instructional design models commonly applied in educational R&D: the ADDIE Model, the Dick & Carey Model, and the ASSURE Model. Each model is examined in terms of its definition, procedural structure, types, advantages, limitations, and practical applications. The analysis reveals that while all three models share core phases of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, they differ significantly in their level of detail, flexibility, and contextual suitability. ADDIE offers a generic and flexible framework, Dick & Carey provides a highly systematic and interconnected systems approach, and ASSURE emphasizes technology integration and learner-centered classroom application. Understanding these distinctions enables researchers and practitioners to select the most appropriate model based on their specific R&D objectives, product complexity, and contextual constraints.

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