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The Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) were founded to educate the freed descendants of enslaved Africans in the United States. Both before and after the U.S. Civil War, great controversy attended the founding of these institutions of higher learning. Pursuant to the values and interests that had informed the slavocracy that included most of the Founding Fathers of the U. S. Republic, there existed great ambivalence about providing any level of education for the descendants of enslaved African peoples. Once established, there was ambivalence about the real purpose and, consequently, the curriculum and future of these institutions. Over a span of 165 years, the HBCUs, not without great difficulty, have not only survived the many challenges to their very existence, but have finally succeeded in finding ways to serve their tooling and socializing mission to the Black American and to all Americans. In so doing, they have enhanced the quality of life of all Americans and have forced U.S. society m move closer to achieving its pluralistic ideal.

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